The terrorist-criminal nexus

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The terrorist-criminal nexus : an alliance of international drug cartels, organized crime, and terror groups / Jennifer L. Hesterman

Hesterman, Jennifer L.

Boca Raton (Fla.) : London : New York (N.Y.) : CRC press, Taylor & Francis, cop. 2013

1 vol. (XXI-329 p.) : ill., graph., tabl. ; 24 cm

978-1-466-55761-1
1-466-55761-3

9781466557611 rel.

327.117

Notes bibliogr. Glossaire. Index

Machine generated contents note: References Multinational Corporate Sophistication Transnational Organized Crime on the Rise Scoping the TOC Challenge Eurasian Transnational Crime: Size, Wealth, Reach Italian Transnational Crime: Not Your Grandfather's Mafia Baltic Transnational Crime: Emergent and Deadly Asian Transnational Crime: Sophisticated and Multicultural African Criminal Enterprises: Internet Savvy and Vast Emerging Area of Concern: North Korea Fighting Transnational Crime Overseas... and within Our Borders Palermo Convention: First Strike on TOC National Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime Agencies and Methods INL DOJ FBI Major Areas of Concern, Progress, and Lessons Learned Counternarcotics Human Trafficking Money Laundering Corruption Lessons Learned References Postmodern Organizational Theory: The Rise of Modern Terrorism and Groups Genesis of Postmodern Groups and Thinking Contents note continued: Upstream Thinking Epistemology Deconstruction Deconstruction's Danger Postmodern Organizational Theory Neo-Marxist Organizational Theory Diagnostic Tools of Postmodernism Systems Theory Environmental Theory Symbolic Theory Postmodern Theory and the Rise of Modern Terrorism Final Thoughts on Postmodernism Modern Terrorism's Roots What Is Terrorism ? Terrorism's Target The New Anatomy of a Terrorist Group Life Cycle Study Terrorist Group Members Behavior Motivation Culture Environment How Terrorist Groups End International Terrorist Groups : The "Big 3" Al Qaeda and Affiliates The Ideology Rise of bin Laden and al Qaeda Emergent al Qaeda AQAP or Ansar al-Sharia Other Al Qaeda Splinter Groups Bin Laden Speaks Al Qaeda's New Goals and Tactics Al Qaeda and Nexus Hezbollah Unique Structure Methodology and Objectives Primary Area of Operations Contents note continued: Tactical Depth and Breadth Political Acumen Leveraging the Community Strong Leadership Active and Deadly Global Operations Latin America Nexus Concern: Venezuela West Coast of Africa Europe Iraq Canada United States U.S. Response FARC Colombia: A Sophisticated, Transnational Narco-State Final Thoughts References History of Domestic Terrorism in the United States The Twenty-First Century and the Rising Tide of Domestic Extremism Right-Wing Extremism Militias Sovereign Citizens Left-Wing Anarchists Single-Issue or Special-Interest Terrorism The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) Animal Liberation Front (ALF) Homegrown Terror Rehabilitation and the Domestic Terrorist Jihadist Defined Recidivism Terrorist Recidivism Counterradicalization Efforts Inside the Saudi Program Possible Solutions in the Homeland The Lone Wolf Gangs: Evolving and Collaborating Contents note continued: MS-13-Moving toward 3G2 History Structure Operational Activities Adaptable and Morphing Sophistication Internationalization Rival Gang Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMGs) Prison Gangs Special Concern: Gangs and the Military The Way Ahead References The Battle in Mexico Ideology: Money Tactic: Brutal Violence Goals : Money, Power, Control Major DTOs Impacting the United States Nuevo Cartel de Juárez Gulf Cartel/New Federation Sinaloa Cartel Beltran Leyva Organization (BLO) Tijuana/Arellano Felix Organization (AFO) La Familia Michoacana (LFM) Special Concern: Los Zetas Zeta Tactics Increasing Reach in the United States Interaction with Dark Networks Nexus with Gangs Criminal Activity Expanding Savvy Propaganda Campaigns DTOs Cross the Border : Cartels in the Heartland LE Operations against DTOs in the United States Operation Dark Angel Project Delirium Contents note continued: Project Deliverance Project Xcellerator Project Reckoning Nexus Area: Terrorists, SlAs, and DTOs Corruption at the Border : Opening the Gates DTOs: Foreign Terrorist Organizations ? Final Thoughts References Funding Terror Earning, Moving, Storing Tactics Earn Move Store Earning Charities Designation Zakat Commodities Smuggling and Organized Retail Crime Intellectual Property Crime (IPC) Identity Theft Other Fund-Raising Methods Mortgage Fraud : Emergent Earning Method Moving A Paper Chase in a Paperless World: Informal Value Transfer Systems Hawala Storing, Earning, and Moving Precious Metals and Diamonds Money Laundering Fronts, Shells, and Offshores Bulk Cash Smuggling E-gambling and E-gaming : Emergent Money-Laundering Concerns E-gambling E-gaming The Way Forward References New Payment Methods Defined Typologies and Concerns Contents note continued : Use of a Third Party Person-to-person (P2P) Transactions Lack of Human Interaction and Oversight NPM Financing Nonbanks Internet-Based Nonbanks The MSB Methods of Using MSBs to Move Money Digital Currency Exchange Systems Prepaid Access Cards Limited-Purpose/Closed-Loop Cards Multipurpose/Open-Loop Cards E-purse or Stored-Value Cards (SVCs) Devices with Stored Value Auction and Bulletin Board Websites Auction Sites Auction Site Intellectual Property Theft (IPT) P2P Websites Digital Precious Metals E-dinar The Battle Ahead References The Internet: A Twenty-First-Century Black Swan Rise of Social Networking: Are We Users... or Targets? The Mind as a Battlefield: The War of Ideology Shifting the Cognitive Center of Gravity Preying on Maslow's Needs: Affiliation Social Cognitive Theory at Play Marketing Ideology and Fear Hizb-ut-Tahrir (HuT) Contents note continued : Exploitation by Other Groups Looking through a New Lens at Social Networking Second Life LinkedIn Facebook YouTube Hidden Messages on the Web Enter Hackers and Cyber Vigilantes th3j35t3r and th3raptor Other Notable Vigilantes The Way Ahead References Drug-Trafficking Organizations and Terrorist Group Interface Tunnels Bombs IRA Inc. Hezbollah and Hamas: Partnering for Success IEDs, Fertilizer, and Sticky Bombs IEDs Fertilizer Sticky Bombs First Response and the Threat of Secondary Devices Use of Human Shields by Terror Groups on the Rise Hamas LTTE Asymmetric Threats WMD Final Thoughts References Resiliency as a Weapon Current List of Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations Identification Designation Legal Criteria for Designation under Section 219 of the INA as Amended Legal Ramifications of Designation Other Effects of Designation

"We are currently faced with a new national security challenge that is both vexing and complex. The once clear lines between the international drug trade, terrorism, organized crime, domestic terror, and Mexican drug cartels are blurring as groups increasingly join forces to further individual interests and goals. The synergistic potential of the alliance between nonstate actors and terrorists is alarming. Factor in a rise in domestic terror and cartel activity spilling over U.S. borders and the resulting impact to America is grave. This text highlights the often disregarded, misunderstood, or obscured criminal/terrorist nexus threat to the U.S. Destroying the myth that such liaisons don't exist due to differing ideologies, the book provides a thought-provoking and new look at the complexity and phenomena of the criminal/terrorist nexus."
"Chapter 1 A Poisonous Brew While organized crime is not a new phenomenon today, some governments find their authority besieged at home and their foreign policy interests imperiled abroad. Drug trafficking, links between drug traffickers and terrorists, smuggling of illegal aliens, massive financial and bank fraud, arms smuggling, potential involvement in the theft and sale of nuclear material, political intimidation, and corruption all constitute a poisonous brew--a mixture potentially as deadly as what we faced during the Cold War : R. James Woolsey Former Director, CIA Al Qaeda works with the mafia. The mafia works with outlaw motorcycle gangs. Biker gangs work with white supremacists. Surprised ? Ten years ago, when I wrote my first book on this subject, the number of experts who would acknowledge that a nexus may exist between terrorists and criminals could be counted on one hand. In fact, Mr. Woolsey's statement above was made in 1994, long before most people heard of al Qaeda, human trafficking and loose nukes. Unfortunately, the "poisonous brew" is becoming more toxic with time. Transnational organized crime is escalating, the cartels are global and undeterred, and the list of State Department Foreign Terrorist Organizations continues to grow. Transnational crime is a growing U.S. national security concern, and it threatens us in new, provoking ways. For example, Americans formerly viewed drug use as a law enforcement or health issue. Only very recently has drug trafficking been established as a global crime with a corresponding national security threat."

The terrorist-criminal nexus : an alliance of international drug cartels, organized crime, and terror groups / Jennifer L. Hesterman